[1] J.A. Dos Santos, P.P. de Castro, K.T. de Oliveira, T.J. Brocksom, G.W. Amarante, Multicomponent
Reactions Applied to Total Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules: A Short Review, Current Topics in
Medicinal Chemistry 23(11) (2023) 990-1003.https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026623666230403102437
[2] T. Zarganes‐ Tzitzikas, A.L. Chandgude, A. Dömling, Multicomponent reactions, union of MCRs and
beyond, Chem. Rec. 15(5) (2015) 981-996.https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.201500201
[3] I.C. Liao, C. He, X.L. Liu, R. Barresi‐ Thornton, J. Wangari‐ Olivero, M.K. Qian, B. Neo, R. Betts, C. Ding,
F. Juchaux, The application of a multi‐ component reaction peptide as a model regenerative active to enhance
skin wound‐ healing postlaser procedure in a double‐ blinded placebo‐ controlled clinical trial, J. Cosmet.
Dermatol. 23(3) (2024) 898-910.https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.16053
[4] M.A. Bodaghifard, M. Hamidinasab, N. Ahadi, Recent Advances in the Preparation and Application of
Organic–inorganic Hybrid Magnetic Nanocatalysts on Multicomponent Reactions, Curr. Org. Chem. 22(3)
(2018) 234-267.http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272821666170705144854
[5] L.J. Yan, Y.C. Wang, Recent Advances in Green Synthesis of 3, 3′‐ Spirooxindoles via Isatin–based One–
pot Multicomponent Cascade Reactions in Aqueous Medium, ChemistrySelect 1(21) (2016) 6948-
6960.https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201601534
[6] R.C. Cioc, E. Ruijter, R.V. Orru, Multicomponent reactions: advanced tools for sustainable organic
synthesis, Green Chem. 16(6) (2014) 2958-2975.https://doi.org/10.1039/C4GC00013G
[7] K.T. Patil, D.K. Jamale, N.J. Valekar, P.T. Patil, P.P. Warekar, G.B. Kolekar, P.V. Anbhule, Uncatalyzed
four-component synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidine derivatives and their antituberculosis activities, Synth.
Commun. 47(2) (2017) 111-120.https://doi.org/10.1080/00397911.2016.1252046
[8] S. Elal, A. Al-Dossary, Synthesis, molecular docking, anticancer activity of some new heterocyclic
compounds containing the pyrazolyl moiety, Eur. J. Pharm. Med. Res. 4(2) (2017) 685-698.
[9] B. Ardiansah, Current Progress on the Synthesis Methods of Pyranopyrazoles, Int. J. Chemtech. Res. 12
(2019) 273-280.http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/IJCTR.2019.120531
[10] S. Farooq, Z. Ngaini, Recent Synthesis of Mono‐ & Bis‐ Pyranopyrazole Derivatives, ChemistrySelect 9(8)
(2024) e202400028.https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202400028
[11] A.R. Yadav, A.P. Katariya, A.B. Kanagare, P.D.J. Patil, C.K. Tagad, S.A. Dake, P.A. Nagwade, S.U.
Deshmukh, Review on advancements of pyranopyrazole: synthetic routes and their medicinal applications, Mol.
Divers. 28(5) (2024) 1-48.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11030-023-10757-w
[12] P. Chhattise, S. Saleh, V. Pandit, S. Arbuj, V. Chabukswar, ZnO nanostructures: a heterogeneous catalyst
for the synthesis of benzoxanthene and pyranopyrazole scaffolds via a multi-component reaction strategy, Mater.
Adv. 1(7) (2020) 2339-2345.https://doi.org/10.1039/D0MA00403K
[13] J. Ebrahimi, A. Mohammadi, V. Pakjoo, E. Bahramzade, A. Habibi, Highly efficient solvent-free synthesis
of pyranopyrazoles by a Brønsted-acidic ionic liquid as a green and reusable catalyst, J. Chem. Sci. 124(5)
(2012) 1013-1017.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12039-012-0310-9
[14] N. Ahadi, M.A. Bodaghifard, A. Mobinikhaledi, Cu (II)‐ β‐ cyclodextrin complex stabilized on magnetic
nanoparticles: A retrievable hybrid promoter for green synthesis of spiropyrans, Appl. Organomet. Chem. 33(2)
(2019) e4738.https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.4738
[15] B.B.F. Mirjalili, M. Keihanfar, Nano-SiO2 /hexamethylenetetramine promoted synthesis of
pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles under solvent-free conditions Iranian Journal of Catalysis 10(1) (2020) 17-
22.https://oiccpress.com/ijc/article/view/3539
[16] K.K. Gangu, S. Maddila, S.N. Maddila, S.B. Jonnalagadda, Novel iron doped calcium oxalates as promising
heterogeneous catalysts for one-pot multi-component synthesis of pyranopyrazoles, RSC Adv. 7(1) (2017) 423-
432.https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA25372E.
[17] H. Chavan, D. Survase, S. Dongare, V. Helavi, S. Ganapure, Indium chloride (InCl3) catalysed domino
protocol for the regioselective synthesis of highly functionalized pyranopyrazoles under mild conditions,
Quarterly J. Iran. Chem. Commun. 5(1) (2017) 105-114
[18] B. White, M. Yin, A. Hall, D. Le, S. Stolbov, T. Rahman, N. Turro, S. O'Brien, Complete CO oxidation
over Cu2O nanoparticles supported on silica gel, Nano Lett. 6(9) (2006) 2095-
2098.https://doi.org/10.1021/nl061457v
[19] S.I. Raj, A. Jaiswal, I. Uddin, Tunable porous silica nanoparticles as a universal dye adsorbent, RSC Adv.
9(20) (2019) 11212-11219.https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA10428J
[20] M.N. Khrizanforov, S.V. Fedorenko, S.O. Strekalova, K.V. Kholin, A.R. Mustafina, M.Y. Zhilkin, V.V.
Khrizanforova, Y.N. Osin, V.V. Salnikov, T.V. Gryaznova, A Ni (III) complex stabilized by silica nanoparticles
as an efficient nanoheterogeneous catalyst for oxidative C–H fluoroalkylation, Dalton Trans. 45(30) (2016)
11976-11982.https://doi.org/10.1039/C6DT01492E
[21] M.M. Aboelhassan, A.F. Peixoto, C. Freire, Sulfonic acid functionalized silica nanoparticles as catalysts for
the esterification of linoleic acid, New. J. Chem. 41(9) (2017) 3595-3605.https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NJ04043H
[22] L. Wang, W. Zhao, W. Tan, Bioconjugated silica nanoparticles: development and applications, Nano Res.
1(2) (2008) 99-115.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-008-8018-3
[23] A.N. Al-Thani, A.G. Jan, M. Abbas, M. Geetha, K.K. Sadasivuni, Nanoparticles in cancer theragnostic and
drug delivery: A comprehensive review, Life Sci. (2024) 122899.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122899
[24] A. Khajouei, E. Jamalizadeh, A. Jafari, S. Hosseini, Layer-by-layer surfactants on silica nanoparticles for
active corrosion protection, Corros. Eng. Sci. 49(8) (2014) 743-
748.https://doi.org/10.1179/1743278214Y.0000000178
[25] J.R. Xavier, Improvement of mechanical and anticorrosion coating properties in conducting polymer poly
(propyl methacrylate) embedded with silane functionalized silica nanoparticles, Silicon (2020) 1-
15.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00679-9
[26] D. Chayan, P. Kapgate Bharat, Preparation and studies of nitrile rubber nanocomposites with silane
modified silica nanoparticles, Res. J. Recent. Sci. 1 (ISC-2011) (2012) 2502.
[27] S. Musić, N. Filipović-Vinceković, L. Sekovanić, Precipitation of amorphous SiO2 particles and their
properties, Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 28(1) (2011) 89-94.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-66322011000100011
[28] M.M. Hashemi, Y. Ahmadibeni, Cobalt and manganese salts of p-aminobenzoic acid supported on silica
gel: A versatile catalyst for oxidation by molecular oxygen, Monatsh. Chem. 134(3) (2003) 411-
418.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-002-0534-3
[29] H.V. Farahani, M. Bayat, S. Nasri, Synthesis of New 2-Amino-3-(2-Oxothiazol-Methyl)-Substituted-1, 4-
Naphthoquinone Derivatives Based on Silica Nanoparticles as a Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst, Silicon 12(1)
(2020) 41-48.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-019-0098-z
[30] A. Aneu, K. Wijaya, A. Syoufian, Silica-based solid acid catalyst with different concentration of H2SO4 and
calcination temperature: preparation and characterization, Silicon 13 (2020) 2265–
2270.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00741-6
[31] X.S. Hlatshwayo, M.J. Ndolomingo, N. Bingwa, R. Meijboom, Molybdenum-modified mesoporous SiO2 as
an efficient Lewis acid catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols, RSC Adv. 11(27) (2021) 16468-
16477.https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA02134F
[32] V.S. Pulusu, C.R. Kamatala, A.K. Mardhanpally, H.S. Yelike, Y. Gugulothu, S.K. Mukka, U.K. Utkoor, Y.
Pulusu, Silica Supported Acids (SiO2-HClO4, SiO2-KHSO4) as Eco-Friendly Reuasble Catalysts for Bromination
of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds Using KBr under Solvothermal and Solvent-Free Conditions,
Silicon 14(13) (2022) 7781-7791.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01489-3
[33] N. Ahadi, M.A. Bodaghifard, A. Mobinikhaledi, Preparation and characterization of a novel organic–
inorganic hybrid nanostructure: application in synthesis of spirocompounds, Res. Chem. Intermed. 46(7) (2020)
3277-3294.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-020-04130-x
[34] G. Kour, M. Gupta, S. Paul, V.K. Gupta, SiO2–CuCl2: An efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst
for one-pot synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2 (1H)-ones, J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 392 (2014) 260-
269.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2014.05.022
[35] G. Bychko, V. Koshevar, I. Kazhuro, Synthesis of colored cobalt-containing shell powders from silicon
oxide particles, Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 81(2) (2008) 174-177. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427208020031
[36] A. Mobinikhaledi, H. Moghanian, S. Pakdel, Microwave-assisted efficient synthesis of azlactone derivatives
using 2-aminopyridine-functionalized sphere SiO2 nanoparticles as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst, Chin.
Chem. Lett. 26(5) (2015) 557-563.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2014.12.007
[37] A. Aneu, K. Wijaya, A. Syoufian, Silica-Based Solid Acid Catalyst with Different Concentration of H2SO4
and Calcination Temperature: Preparation and Characterization, Silicon. 13(7) (2020) 1-6
[38] F. Salimi, K. Tahmasobi, C. Karami, A. Jahangiri, Preparation of modified nano-SiO2 by bismuth and iron
as a novel remover of methylene blue from water solution, J. Mex. Chem. Soc. 61(3) (2017) 250-259.
https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v61i3.351
[39] T.N. Ramesh, T.L. Madhu, Thermal decomposition studies of layered metal hydroxynitrates (metal: Cu, Zn,
Cu/Co, and Zn/Co), Int. J. Inorg. Chem. 2015 (2015).https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/536470
[40] A. Roy, H.S. Jadhav, G.M. Thorat, J.G. Seo, Electrochemical growth of Co(OH)2 nanoflakes on Ni foam for
methanol electro-oxidation, New. J. Chem. 41(17) (2017) 9546-9553.https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ01929G
[41] S. Sompech, A. Srion, A. Nuntiya, The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the particle size and specific
surface area of LaCoO3, Procedia Eng. 32 (2012) 1012-1018.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.02.047
[42] A. Kaur, D. Gangacharyulu, P.K. Bajpai, Catalytic hydrogen generation from NaBH4/H2O system: effects
of catalyst and promoters, Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 35(1) (2018) 131-140.https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-
6632.20180351s20150782
[43] A. Saha, S. Payra, S. Banerjee, One-pot multicomponent synthesis of highly functionalized bio-active
pyrano [2, 3-c] pyrazole and benzylpyrazolyl coumarin derivatives using ZrO2 nanoparticles as a reusable
catalyst, Green Chem. 17(5) (2015) 2859-2866.https://doi.org/10.1039/C4GC02420F
[44] S. Karami, M.G. Dekamin, E. Valiey, P. Shakib, DABA MNPs: a new and efficient magnetic bifunctional
nanocatalyst for the green synthesis of biologically active pyrano [2, 3-c] pyrazole and benzylpyrazolyl
coumarin derivatives, New. J. Chem. 44(33) (2020) 13952-13961.https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NJ02666B
[45] R.-Y. Guo, Z.-M. An, L.-P. Mo, S.-T. Yang, H.-X. Liu, S.-X. Wang, Z.-H. Zhang, Meglumine promoted
one-pot, four-component synthesis of pyranopyrazole derivatives, Tetrahedron 69(47) (2013) 9931-9938.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2013.09.082
[46] E. Valiey, M.G. Dekamin, Z. Alirezvani, Melamine-modified chitosan materials: An efficient and
recyclable bifunctional organocatalyst for green synthesis of densely functionalized bioactive dihydropyrano [2,
3-c] pyrazole and benzylpyrazolyl coumarin derivatives, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 129 (2019) 407-
421.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.027
[47] G.M. Ziarani, M. Rahimifard, F. Nouri, A. Badiei, Green one-pot, four-component synthesis of spiro
[indoline-3, 4′-pyrano [2, 3-c] pyrazole] derivatives using amino-functionalized nanoporous silica SBA-15 under
solvent-free conditions, J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 80(10) (2015) 1265-1272.https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC140930045M
[48] K.G. Patel, N.M. Misra, R.H. Vekariya, R.R. Shettigar, One-pot multicomponent synthesis in aqueous
medium of 1, 4-dihydropyrano [2, 3-c] pyrazole-5-carbonitrile and derivatives using a green and reusable nanoSiO 2 catalyst from agricultural waste, Res. Chem. Intermed. 44(1) (2018) 289-
304.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-017-3104-3
[49] M. Nikoorazm, B. Tahmasbi, S. Gholami, P. Moradi, Copper and nickel immobilized on cytosine@
MCM‐ 41: as highly efficient, reusable and organic–inorganic hybrid nanocatalysts for the homoselective
synthesis of tetrazoles and pyranopyrazoles, Appl. Organomet. Chem. 34(11) (2020) e5919.
https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.5919
[50] M. Mehravar, B.B.F. Mirjalili, E. Babaei, A. Bamoniri, Preparation and Application of Nano-AlPO4/Ti (IV)
as a New and Recyclable Catalyst for the Four-Component Synthesis of Dihydropyrano [2, 3-c] Pyrazoles,
Polycycl.Aromat.Comp. (2020) 1-10.https://doi.org/10.1080/10406638.2020.1856149
[51] M. Dadaei, H. Naeimi, An Environment-Friendly Method for Green Synthesis of Pyranopyrazole
Derivatives Catalyzed by CoCuFe2O4 Magnetic Nanocrystals under Solvent-Free Conditions,
Polycycl.Aromat.Comp. (2020) 1-14.https://doi.org/10.1080/10406638.2020.1725897
[52] R.H. Vekariya, K.D. Patel, H.D. Patel, A green and one-pot synthesis of a library of 1, 4-dihydropyrano [2,
3-c]-pyrazole-5-carbonitrile derivatives using thiourea dioxide (TUD) as an efficient and reusable
organocatalyst, Res. Chem. Intermed. 42(5) (2016) 4683-4696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-015-2308-7
[53] V. Polshettiwar, R.S. Varma, Green chemistry by nano-catalysis, Green Chem. 12(5) (2010) 743-
754.https://doi.org/10.1039/B921171C